Bits & Pieces

CHUBB SEGUROS ARG S.A V. USP

United States District Court for the Southern District of New York

May 3, 2022, Decided; May 3, 2022, Filed

20 Civ. 3074 (AKH)

Reporter

2022 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 80352 *; 2022 WL 1321401

CHUBB SEGUROS ARGENTINA S.A. a/s/o AMX ARGENTINA S.A., Plaintiff, -against- UPS, SAVINO DEL BENE U.S.A. INC., and GROUND LOGISTICS & TRANSPORTATION, INC., Defendants.

Core Terms

Cargo, summary judgment, effective, carrier, notice

Counsel: [*1] For Chubb Seguros Argentina S.A., a/s/o AMX Argentina S.A, Plaintiff: Lawrence Caruso Glynn, Caruso Glynn, LLC, Fresh Meadow, NY.

For UPS, Defendant: William Edward Lakis, LEAD ATTORNEY, DeOrchis, & Partners, LLP, New York, NY.

For Savino Del Bene U.S.A., Inc., Defendant: Andrew Robert Spector, LEAD ATTORNEY, Spector Rubin, P.A., Miami, FL.

Judges: ALVIN K. HELLERSTEIN, United States District Judge.

Opinion by: ALVIN K. HELLERSTEIN

Opinion

ORDER DENYING MOTIONS FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT AND PARTIAL SUMMARY JUDGMENT

ALVIN K. HELLERSTEIN, U.S.D.J.:

This suit¹ involves loss and damage to telecommunications equipment (the “Cargo”), sustained in the spring of 2019, while the Cargo was moved by truck from Tempe, Arizona to Miami, Florida. AMX Argentina S.A. (“AMX”) purchased the Cargo from non-party Arizona-based Comtech and contracted with non-party freight forwarder Savino del Bene Argentina (“Savino Argentina”) to handle overall logistics for moving the Cargo from Tempe to Argentina. Savino Argentina then subcontracted with its USA-affiliate Defendant Savino del Bene U.S.A. Inc. (“Savino USA”), who in turn subcontracted with Defendant Ground Logistics & Transportation, Inc. (“GLT”), who in turn subcontracted with Defendant UPS [*2] (“UPS”) to transport the Cargo. AMX authorized Savino Argentina to make the shipping arrangements and had no contact with any of the subcontractors prior to the Cargo’s departure from Tempe. Although AMX was aware that overland carriers sometimes impose limitations on liability, and also has a department and process for considering whether to declare

values and make special arrangements to increase a limitation of liability for a shipment, in this case, AMX did not seek to increase the limits of liability, as it had an existing general cargo loss insurance policy that covered the shipment of the Cargo. Although Savino USA subcontracted with GLT, the agreement between GLT and UPS was private and confidential and included no option for full Carmack liability.

As to the bill of lading (“BOL”) under which the Cargo moved, GLT drafted it and UPS issued it; however, Savino del Bene provided the necessary information but did not include a declared value for the Cargo. (The facts do not specify whether the information was provided by Savino Argentina or Savino USA.) As issued, the BOL listed UPS Freight in the “carrier name” box, Comtech EF Data in the “ship from” box, and Savino USA in the [*3] “ship to” box. Savino del Bene did not issue a BOL but did send AMX a certificate of receipt, as proof of delivery.

While in transit between Tempe and Miami, the Cargo was damaged when a separate bulk package carried by UPS fell on top of it. The damage was noted on UPS’s bill of lading and observed when the Cargo arrived at Savino USA’s Miami warehouse. Repairs were not feasible, and the Cargo was deemed a total loss.

Plaintiff Chubb Seguros Argentina S.A. (“Plaintiff”), as subrogor of AMX, brought this suit against Savino USA, GLT, and UPS to recover damages in the amount of $203,298.00, the total value of the Cargo, asserting claims under the Carmack Amendment, 49 U.S.C. § 14706; and for bailment and breach of contract under state law.² The parties completed fact discovery and took non-expert witness depositions.

UPS now moves for summary judgment, arguing that Plaintiff lacks standing to pursue its claims under the Carmack Amendment because AMX was not listed as the consignee on the BOL. In the alternative, UPS moves for partial summary judgment on the issue of whether Plaintiff’s claims are subject to an enforceable limitation on liability.

The motion for summary judgment is denied. Plaintiff has standing under the Carmack Amendment. Section 14706(a) of the Carmack Amendment allows [*4] suits by anyone entitled to recover in the receipt or bill of lading, including the buyer who was to receive the goods. See Windows, Inc. v. Jordan Panel Sys. Corp., 177 F.3d 114, 118 (2d Cir. 1998). UPS contends that Plaintiff lacks standing because only Savino USA was listed on the BOL. To be sure, Savino USA has standing to sue because it is the named consignee on the BOL. However, AMX also has standing by virtue of the agency relationship between it and Savino USA. When contracting with GLT and UPS, Savino USA acted as an agent for AMX. Whether or not Savino USA disclosed AMX’s identity, UPS knew that Savino USA, a carrier agent, was not the ultimate consignee or real party in interest. And it is well-settled that an undisclosed principal may enforce a contract made for its benefit, whether or not the obligee was aware of the undisclosed principal. See Interbras Cayman Co. v. Orient Victory Shipping Co., S.A., 663 F.2d 4, 6-7 (2d Cir. 1981).

The motion for partial summary judgment also is denied because it remains unclear whether UPS effectively limited its liability as to AMX. Under the Carmack Amendment, to effectively limit its liability, a carrier must give the shipper a fair opportunity to choose between higher and lower liability by paying a correspondingly greater or lesser charge. See Mechanical Tech. Inc. v. Ryder Truck Lines, Inc., 776 F.2d 1085, 1088 (2d Cir. 1985). AMX contends that because neither it, nor non-party Comtech, [*5] was ever given a choice of rates by UPS, that it cannot be bound by the stated limitation in the BOL. UPS contends that the limitation should be deemed effective as to AMX because AMX knew that carriers might limit their liability, but in light of its general insurance policy, opted not to pay for any additional coverage and gave its agent, Savino Argentina, no special instructions. Neither of these arguments resolves the ultimate issue. That AMX was not explicitly given two choices by UPS would not preclude it from being bound by the terms of the agreement entered into on its behalf by its agent, Savino Argentina (and Savino USA), for the same reasons that Plaintiff has standing to sue under the Carmack Amendment. That is, if UPS effectively limited its liability to Savino USA (and Savino Argentina), that limitation also

could be effective as to AMX. However, AMX’s general knowledge that carriers often limit their liability and conscious decision not to pay for any additional coverage also does not establish that the limitation on liability was effective as to AMX. In order for the limitation to be effective as to AMX, the limitation must first have been effective as to Savino USA and Savino Argentina. [*6]

On the record before me, I cannot determine whether such an effective limitation occurred, whether by actual or constructive notice. The record contains no specifics as to the negotiations between GLT and Savino USA and does not indicate whether Savino USA was given an opportunity to choose between two levels of coverage, precluding a finding of actual notice. The record also lacks a sufficient basis for charging Savino USA with constructive notice and acceptance of the limitation. Although “Savino del Bene” provided the information contained in the BOL, GLT drafted it. The record does not establish that whichever Savino entity provided that information did anything more than fill in the blanks, or that at some point during the process was given an opportunity to choose a higher level of protection and price rather than accepting a quoted price and its attendant limitation on liability. Nor does the record indicate whether Savino USA (or Argentina) had awareness of the separate and private agreement between GLT and UPS, pursuant to which full Carmack liability was unavailable. Absent more facts, I cannot charge Savino USA and Savina Argentina with constructive notice of the limitation [*7] on liability, and cannot impute that notice to AMX. Chartis Seguros Mex., S.A. v. HLI Rail & Rigging, LLC, 3 F. Supp. 3d 171, 192 (S.D.N.Y. 2014) (holding summary judgment on a constructive notice theory was inappropriate when shipper did not actually draft, and only provided information for, the bill of lading, and the record did not establish that the shipper was given an opportunity to choose a higher level of protection). Thus, I cannot say, as a matter of law, that UPS effectively limited its liability as to Savino USA and Savino Argentina, and thereby, as to AMX.

In sum, the motions for summary and partial summary judgment are denied. The Clerk of Court shall terminate the motion (ECF No. 32). The parties shall appear for a status conference on May 27, 2022, at 10 a.m.

SO ORDERED.

Dated: May 3, 2022

New York, New York

/s/ Alvin K. Hellerstein

ALVIN K. HELLERSTEIN

United States District Judge

End of Document

¹The following facts are taken from the UPS’ Rule 56.1 Statement of Material Facts (ECF No. 32-8) and Plaintiff Chubb Seguros’s Rule 56.1 Counterstatement of Material Facts (ECF No. 35).

²In its opposition, Plaintiff withdrew its state law claims against UPS, acknowledging that such claims are preempted by the Carmack Amendment but stating that it brought such claims in an abundance of caution. See ECF No. 38.

JOHNSON v. VALENZULEA ACOSTA

United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky, Louisville Division

May 18, 2022, Decided; May 19, 2022, Filed

Civil Action No. 3:22-cv-82-DJH-CHL

Reporter

2022 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 90240 *; 2022 WL 1598344

JAMES F. JOHNSON, III et al., Plaintiffs, v. OMAR N. VALENZUELA ACOSTA and MACER TRANSPORTATION, INC., Defendants.

Core Terms

removal, settlement demand, plaintiffs’, notice, amount in controversy, thirty-day, unambiguous, triggered, surgery, solid, thirty days, injections, diversity, exceeded, parties, crash

Counsel: [*1] For James F. Johnson, III, J.J., a minor by and through his father, guardian, and next friend, James F. Johnson, III, D.J., a minor by and through his father, guardian, and next friend, James F. Johnson, III, S.J., a minor by and through his father, guardian, and next friend, James F. Johnson, III, Plaintiffs: A. Nicholas Naiser, LEAD ATTORNEY, Naiser Law Office, Louisville, KY.

For Omar N. Valenzuela Acosta, Macer Transportation, Inc., Defendants: Daniel E. Murner, Elizabeth J. Winchell, Estee Rose, Jennifer L. Fiorella, LEAD ATTORNEYS, Landrum & Shouse, LLP – Lexington, Lexington, KY.

Judges: David J. Hale, United States District Judge.

Opinion by: David J. Hale

Opinion

Defendant Omar N. Valenzuela Acosta, a truck driver for Defendant Macer Transportation, Inc., rear-ended Plaintiff James F. Johnson, III’s car in May 2019 and allegedly injured Johnson and his three minor children, who were riding as passengers. (Docket No. 1-1, PageID # 8-9; D.N. 6, PageID # 46-47) The Johnsons brought this action in Jefferson Circuit Court in March 2021, alleging that Acosta “was negligent in the operation of [his] motor vehicle” and that Macer was vicariously liable for the “negligent and careless conduct” [*2] of its employee.¹ (D.N. 1-1, PageID # 8-9) The defendants removed the case nearly eleven months later, invoking the Court’s diversity jurisdiction. (D.N. 1) The plaintiffs now move for remand, arguing that the defendants’ removal was untimely. (D.N. 6) For the reasons explained below, the plaintiffs’ motion to remand will be granted.

On May 29, 2019, Acosta, who was driving a tractor trailer for Macer, rear-ended Johnson’s car on an interstate in Jefferson County, Kentucky.² (D.N. 1-1, PageID # 8; D.N. 6, PageID # 46; D.N. 7, PageID # 66) Johnson and his three minor children, who were passengers in the car, were allegedly injured in the collision and “immediately sought treatment at a local hospital.”³ (D.N. 6, PageID # 46) The three minors recovered relatively quickly, but Johnson claims that he “suffer[ed] a permanent hand injury that will require periodic injections for the foreseeable future and eventually a surgery.” (Id., PageID # 47)

The Johnsons sued Acosta and Macer in Jefferson Circuit Court in March 2021, asserting negligence and vicarious-liability claims. (D.N. 1-1, PageID # 6-9) On June 28, 2021, the plaintiffs sent a “detailed” settlement demand letter to the defendants’ [*3] counsel, which included among other things “a description of [Johnson’s] lengthy course of treatment” following the May 2019 collision; “an itemization” of the $16,623.88 in medical bills that he had accrued up to that point; and “copies of those bills and the related medical records.” (D.N. 6, PageID # 47; see D.N. 6-2) As is relevant here, the demand letter stated that in August 2020, Johnson’s doctor had “offered the option of surgical intervention” to treat Johnson’s injured hand. (D.N. 6-2, PageID # 58) The doctor had also “explained that [Johnson] will ultimately need a surgery [in] 20-30 years due to further deterioration [of his hand] caused by the crash . . . regardless of whether [Johnson] has surgery now.” (Id.) Johnson decided against surgery and elected instead to treat “the pain in his . . . hand” with periodic injections, which he plans to receive “indefinitely into the future.” (Id., PageID # 58-59) Given this past and future treatment, the plaintiffs’ letter “extend[ed] a demand of $445,000.00 to resolve [Johnson’s] claim (and his claim alone)” (id., PageID # 60), an amount the defendants deemed “exorbitant and not supported by the information available to [them] at [*4] the time.” (D.N. 7, PageID # 69)

The parties scheduled a mediation for February 2022. (D.N. 1, PageID # 3; D.N. 6, PageID # 47) “[I]n preparation for [that] mediation,” Johnson sent Acosta and Macer “an affidavit from his treating physician” on January 21, 2022, which, according to the defendants, “indicated that the arthritic condition in [Johnson’s] hand was related to the [May 2019] accident, and that [Johnson] would need periodic injections to treat his condition, until such time as he had surgery, which would also reportedly be necessary as a result of the accident.” (D.N. 1, PageID # 3) The defendants considered that affidavit to be the “first ‘paper’ which suggested the amount in controversy” in this matter “would exceed $75,000,” and they removed the plaintiffs’ case on February 11, 2022, invoking the Court’s diversity jurisdiction.⁴ (D.N. 1, PageID # 3; see D.N. 7, PageID # 70-71) Four days later, the plaintiffs filed their motion to remand, in which they argue that their case “was not removed in a timely fashion.” (D.N. 6, PageID # 46) In response, the defendants contend that remand is not warranted because they “removed the case within 30 days of first obtaining documentation [*5] which provided competent proof that the amount in controversy would more likely than not exceed $75,000.” (D.N. 7, PageID # 71) The plaintiffs replied (D.N. 8), and their motion is now ripe for adjudication.

II.

A defendant seeking to remove a case to federal court ordinarily must file a notice of removal “within 30 days after the receipt by the defendant, through service or otherwise, of a copy of the initial pleading setting forth the claim for relief upon which such action or proceeding is based.” 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b)(1). But “if the case stated by the initial pleading is not removable,” the defendant must instead file a notice of removal “within 30 days after receipt . . . of a copy of an amended pleading, motion, order or other paper from which it may first be ascertained that the case is one which is or has become removable.” Id.§ 1446(b)(3); see Berera v. Mesa Med. Grp., PLLC, 779 F.3d 352, 364 (6th

Cir. 2015). In short, as the Sixth Circuit has put it, “the thirty-day period for removal begins to run when the initial pleading or a subsequent paper first provides ‘solid and unambiguous information that the case is removable.'” Forest Creek Townhomes, LLC v. Carroll Prop. Mgmt., LLC, 695 F. App’x 908, 912 (6th Cir. 2017) (quoting Berera, 779 F.3d at 364); see Berera, 779 F.3d at 364 (“Section 1446(b)‘s requirement of solid and unambiguous information is akin to actual notice.”).

Here, it is undisputed that the “case stated by [*6] the [plaintiffs’] initial pleading [wa]s not removable.” 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b)(3). The plaintiffs only assert state-law negligence claims. (See D.N. 1-1, PageID # 6-9) And although the parties are completely diverse, the plaintiffs’ state-court complaint makes no mention of a damages amount or an amount in controversy.⁵ (See id.) In their motion to remand, however, the plaintiffs argue that their June 28, 2021 settlement demand letter, in which they “extend[ed] a demand of $445,000” to resolve Johnson’s claims (D.N. 6-2, PageID # 60), “unquestionably” established that the amount in controversy in this matter exceeded the $75,000 threshold for federal jurisdiction, see 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a), and therefore rendered this case “removable.” (D.N. 6, PageID # 50) The dispositive issue here is thus whether that demand letter constituted an “other paper,” 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b)(3), that provided the defendants with “solid and unambiguous information . . . that the amount in controversy exceeded $75,000.” Forest Creek, 695 F. App’x at 912. If it did, as the plaintiffs maintain (see D.N. 6, PageID # 49-50), then the thirty-day removal window triggered by that “other paper” expired long before the defendants removed this case in February 2022. See Forest Creek, 695 F. App’x at 912 (noting that the “thirtyday [removal] period” [*7] in that case “began when Defendants first had solid and unambiguous information” that the requirements for diversity jurisdiction had been met). But if it did not, then removal here was likely timely: The defendants claim that the January 21, 2022 affidavit from Johnson’s doctor (see D.N. 6-3) was the first “competent proof that the amount in controversy was likely to exceed $75,000,” and they filed their notice of removal less than thirty days after receiving that document. (D.N. 7, PageID # 71; see D.N. 1) The Sixth Circuit “ha[s] yet to fully expound the meaning of ‘other paper’ under § 1446(b)(3).” Berera, 779 F.3d at 365. But “[v]irtually every court that has considered the issue has held that settlement demand letters and other correspondence between parties may constitute ‘other paper.'” Mathes v. Burns, No. 3:19-cv-751, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 182602, 2019 WL 5394310, at *5 (M.D. Tenn. Oct. 22, 2019) (collecting cases); see Hiser v. Seay, No. 5:14-cv-170, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 168429, 2014 WL 6885433, at *3 (W.D. Ky. Dec. 5, 2014) (“Courts have found that settlement offers and other correspondence between parties can constitute ‘other paper’ under [§ 1446(b)(3)].”); Nagarajan v. Ostruskza, No. 5:12-cv-91, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 149998, 2012 WL 5077691, at *2 (W.D. Ky. Oct. 18, 2012) (observing that district courts in the Sixth Circuit and other federal courts “have accepted the notion that” settlement demand letters “are ‘other paper’ under [§ 1446(b)(3)]”); see also 14C Charles Allen Wright et al., Federal Practice and Procedure [*8] § 3731 (Rev. 4th ed. 2018) (noting that “correspondence between the parties and their attorneys or between the attorneys usually are accepted” by federal courts “as ‘other papers,’ receipt of which can initiate a 30-day period of removability”). Accordingly, a settlement demand letter can trigger § 1446(b)(3)‘s thirty-day removal period if it “solid[ly] and unambiguous[ly]” establishes that “a federal district court would have jurisdiction over the case.” Forest Creek, 695 F. App’x at 912; see Nagarajan, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 149998, 2012 WL 5077691, at *3 (concluding that a post-complaint settlement demand of $300,000 “clearly and unequivocally provided notice” that the amount in controversy exceeded the federal jurisdictional threshold and therefore triggered the thirty-day removal period under § 1446(b)(3)); see also Addo v. Globe Life & Accident Ins. Co., 230 F.3d 759, 760, 762 (5th Cir. 2000) (holding that a post-complaint letter “indicating that [the] plaintiff would seek damages exceeding the federal jurisdictional minimum” triggered the thirty-day removal period); Nelson v. Diversified Logistics Servs., No. 4:20-cv-44, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 121301, 2020 WL 3888177, at *3 (N.D. Ind. July 10, 2020) (concluding the same about a plaintiff’s post-complaint settlement demand for more than $7 million). And removal is untimely if a defendant who receives such a settlement demand letter does not file a notice of removal within that thirty-day window. [*9] See Nagarajan, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 149998, 2012 WL 5077691, at *3-*4 (remanding a case because the defendant failed to file a notice of removal within “thirty days after the latest date that [she] undisputedly had knowledge of” the plaintiff’s $300,000 settlement demand); see also Addo, 230 F.3d at 762 (holding that “removal was improper” because the defendant failed to remove the case within thirty days of receiving a settlement demand letter for an amount greater than $75,000).

In light of these principles, the Court concludes that the plaintiffs’ June 28, 2021 settlement demand letter was an “other paper” that provided the defendants with “solid and unambiguous information” that the amount in controversy here exceeded $75,000, Forest Creek, 695 F. App’x at 912, which in turn means that the defendants’ February 11, 2022 removal was untimely. See 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b)(3). The June 28, 2021 letter “clearly and unequivocally provided notice” to the defendants that the plaintiffs estimated their case to be worth at least $445,000 (see D.N. 6-2, PageID # 60), a figure well in excess of the amount-in-controversy threshold for federal diversity jurisdiction. Nagarajan, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 149998, 2012 WL 5077691, at *3; see LaPree v. Prudential Fin., 385 F. Supp. 2d 839, 850 (S.D. Iowa 2005) (concluding that settlement demands for more than $75,000 “provided the necessary affirmative proof that the [federal] jurisdictional amount was satisfied in accordance [*10] with 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b)“). The defendants were therefore required to file their notice of removal within thirty days of receiving the letter. 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b)(3); see Forest Creek, 695 F. App’x at 912. And their failure to do so necessitates remand. See Nagarajan, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 149998, 2012 WL 5077691, at *3-*4; see also Addo, 230 F.3d at 762; Nelson, 2020 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 121301, 2020 WL 3888177, at *3; LaPree, 385 F. Supp. 2d at 850.

The defendants argue in their response that the June 28, 2021 settlement demand letter did not trigger § 1446(b)(3)‘s thirty-day removal period because the plaintiffs’ proposed settlement amount “was exorbitant and not supported by the information available to [the] [d]efendants at the time [the settlement offer] was made.” (D.N. 7, PageID # 69) But Acosta and Macer offer no authority in support of their suggestion that § 1446(b)(3)‘s removal window is triggered only when a defendant deems a plaintiff’s settlement demand reasonable and adequately supported. See Santos-Tiller v. Krispy Kreme Doughnut Corp., No. 16-cv-10342, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 112786, 2016 WL 4445429, at *3 (E.D. Mich. Aug. 24, 2016) (observing that “several circuits have held that a [plaintiff’s] settlement demand ‘is relevant evidence of the amount in controversy if it appears to reflect a reasonable estimate of the plaintiff’s claim'” (quoting McPhail v. Deere & Co., 529 F.3d 947, 956 (10th Cir. 2008))); see also Addo, 230 F.3d at 762 (suggesting that a settlement demand letter fails to trigger the removal window only if the demand is “plainly a sham”). And far from being arbitrary or ungrounded as the defendants suggest, the plaintiffs’ $445,000 settlement [*11] demand was accompanied by a detailed, multi-page summary of the medical treatment and diagnoses Johnson received after the May 2019 crash and thus clearly reflected the plaintiffs’ estimation of the cost of his past and future treatment. (D.N. 6-2, PageID # 56-60)

The defendants also argue that the removal period began only after they received the January 21, 2022 affidavit from Johnson’s doctor because that document “confirm[ed]” for the first time that Johnson’s ongoing injections and expected surgery were “causally related to [the May 2019] accident” and thus provided the first “competent proof that the amount in controversy was likely to exceed $75,000.” (D.N. 7, PageID # 71) But the June 28, 2021 settlement demand letter had already indicated that Johnson’s medical treatment was necessitated by the May 2019 crash. Indeed, the letter expressly stated that the same doctor who provided the January 21, 2022 affidavit had previously confirmed that Johnson would need surgery in the future “due to [the] further deterioration” of his hand “caused by the crash,” and the letter also noted that the “periodic injections” that Johnson will receive “indefinitely” are likewise “due to the crash [*12] .” (D.N. 6-2, PageID # 58, 60 (emphasis added)) Accordingly, if, as the defendants contend, this case became removable when they learned that Johnson’s medical treatment was “being directly attributed to the [May 2019] accident” (D.N. 7, PageID # 71), then they were required to file their notice of removal within thirty days of receiving that particular information for the first time. See Forest Creek, 695 F. App’x at 912 (“We have stated that the thirty-day period for removal begins to run when . . . a subsequent paper first provides ‘solid and unambiguous information that the case is removable.'”). And according to the record here, that information was clearly conveyed to the defendants via the plaintiffs’ June 28, 2021 demand letter. (See D.N. 6-2, PageID # 58, 60)

In sum, the June 28, 2021 settlement demand letter was an “other paper from which it [could] first be ascertained” that this case was one which “ha[d] become removable.” 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b)(3). The defendants were thus required to file their notice of removal within thirty days of receiving it. See id.; see also Forest Creek, 695 F. App’x at 912. And because they did not do so, the plaintiffs’ motion to remand must be granted. See Nagarajan, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 149998, 2012 WL 5077691, at *4; see also Addo, 230 F.3d at 762.

III.

For the reasons set forth above, and the Court being otherwise [*13] sufficiently advised, it is hereby

ORDERED that the plaintiffs’ motion to remand (D.N. 6) is GRANTED. This case is REMANDED to Jefferson Circuit Court and STRICKEN from the Court’s active docket.

May 18, 2022

/s/ David J. Hale

David J. Hale, Judge

United States District Court

End of Document

¹Johnson is suing on his own behalf and as the “father, natural guardian, and next friend” of his three minor children, J.J., D.J., and S.J. (D.N. 1-1, PageID # 7). See Fed. R. Civ. P. 17(c)(2).

²Because the factual allegations in the plaintiffs’ state-court complaint are spare (see D.N. 1-1, PageID # 6-9), the details concerning the car crash at issue in this matter and the events leading up to this case’s removal largely come from the plaintiffs’ motion to remand and the defendants’ response. (See D.N. 6; D.N. 7)

³The defendants assert in their response, however, that according to the collision report, “there were no injuries reported at the scene” of the May 2019 crash. (D.N. 7, PageID # 66)

⁴The parties do not dispute that they are completely diverse. (See D.N. 1, PageID # 2; D.N. 1-1, PageID # 7)

⁵Kentucky’s Rules of Civil Procedure bar plaintiffs from demanding a specific sum as alleged damages in pleadings. See Ky. R. Civ. P. 8.01(2).